What devices usually experience low output voltage of power adapters?

The situation of low output voltage of power adapters may occur in the following types of devices:
1. Old devices - Electronic device aging: As the service time increases, some internal components of old electronic devices may experience aging, wear and tear and other issues, thereby leading to changes in power requirements. For example, the capacitance inside the device may decrease in capacity due to long-term use, and the resistance may change in value due to reasons such as heating. These changes may cause the device to have a lower voltage requirement during operation, thus making the output voltage of the power adapter seem relatively low. For example, some old laptops may experience battery aging and internal circuit wear and tear after many years of use, resulting in a reduced requirement for the output voltage of the power adapter. In this case, even if the output voltage of the power adapter is within the normal range, it may not be able to meet the actual needs of the device, and the phenomenon of low output voltage may occur. - Compatibility issues: Old devices may have adopted relatively outdated power management technologies when designed, and there may be compatibility issues with modern power adapters. For example, some early electronic devices may not have high requirements for the output voltage accuracy of power adapters, while modern power adapters usually have higher output accuracy. When a modern power adapter is connected to an old device, the device may experience low output voltage due to being unable to adapt to the high-precision output voltage. For example, some old digital cameras may only be able to accept the output voltage of power adapters within a certain range, and the output voltage of modern power adapters may exceed this range, resulting in the device being unable to work properly and giving the false appearance of low output voltage.

2. Low-power devices - Small portable devices: Some small portable devices, such as smartphones, tablets, portable music players, etc., due to their small size and low power consumption, also have relatively low requirements for the output voltage of power adapters. In some cases, these devices may experience low output voltage due to factors such as the accuracy problem of the power management chip and the battery status. For example, when the battery power of a smartphone is low, it may reduce the input voltage requirement for the power adapter in order to extend battery life. At this time, if the output voltage of the power adapter cannot meet the needs of the phone, the phenomenon of low output voltage may occur. - Low-power sensor devices: Some low-power sensor devices, such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors, etc., usually require a very low operating voltage. These devices may experience low output voltage due to reasons such as unstable output voltage of the power adapter and insufficient accuracy of the power management circuit during operation. For example, some wireless sensor nodes used for environmental monitoring usually adopt low-voltage microcontrollers and sensor chips to reduce power consumption. In practical applications, if the output voltage of the power adapter cannot meet the low-voltage requirements of these devices, it may cause the device to be unable to work properly.

3. Devices in special working environments - High-temperature environment: In a high-temperature environment, the performance of electronic devices may be affected, including power requirements. Some devices may experience issues such as increased internal resistance and decreased capacitance capacity in high-temperature environments, thereby leading to a reduced requirement for the output voltage of the power adapter. In addition, high temperatures may also affect the performance of the power adapter itself, making its output voltage unstable or reduced. For example, some industrial devices operating in high-temperature workshops may experience low output voltage due to excessive environmental temperature. To solve this problem, it may be necessary to use special high-temperature-resistant power adapters or take heat dissipation measures to reduce the operating temperature of the device. - High-altitude areas: In high-altitude areas, due to the reduced atmospheric pressure and thin air, the heat dissipation performance of electronic devices will be affected. This may cause the device to increase in temperature during operation, thereby affecting power requirements. In addition, changes in air pressure in high-altitude areas may also affect the performance of the power adapter, making its output voltage unstable or reduced. For example, some outdoor devices used in high-altitude areas, such as climbing watches, GPS navigators, etc., may experience low output voltage due to the influence of the high-altitude environment. In this case, it is necessary to choose a power adapter suitable for use in high-altitude areas and take corresponding protective measures to ensure the normal operation of the device.